The gut plays a central role not only in digestion, but also in overall metabolic and physiological regulation. Studies suggest that TWK10 may help modulate the gut microbiota, supporting a balanced microbial environment and the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including acetate, propionate, and butyrate. These key metabolites serve as important energy sources and are associated with gut barrier function, intestinal motility, and metabolic processes. By supporting a balanced gut environment, TWK10 helps maintain digestive function and nutrient utilization, contributing to overall well-being.

With aging, changes in bone density and structure may affect physical stability and mobility. Studies suggest that TWK10 is associated with the maintenance of bone-related structural indicators, including bone volume fraction and trabecular architecture. Imaging-based analyses indicate that TWK10 is linked to the preservation of internal bone structure and overall skeletal stability. In addition, it is associated with vitamin D-related metabolic markers, supporting calcium utilization and bone health. Overall, TWK10 supports bone structure and physical stability, contributing to mobility and daily function in aging populations.

Muscle plays a key role in maintaining physical function and overall vitality. Through the gut–muscle axis, TWK10 helps modulate the gut environment and supports muscle-related energy metabolism, and is associated with glycogen-related processes in muscle and liver, contributing to a stable energy supply. Studies also suggest that TWK10 may support the utilization of amino acids, including BCAAs and EAAs, following protein intake, providing a nutritional foundation for muscle synthesis and recovery. Overall, TWK10 supports muscle mass and strength, contributing to endurance and performance in active individuals, while helping aging populations maintain mobility and stability.